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Chapter
Seven Women's Participation in Economic Development
Women's
Employment
After China adopted the policy of reform and opening-up,
the planned economic system has been giving way to market
economic system. With the forming of a market-oriented employment
system, women's concepts about employment have undergone great
changes. Their sources of employment have also changed dramatically
from depending on the government to arrange jobs to applying
for jobs and seeking employment, or even starting businesses
of their own. Many brave and talented women have taken their
opportunities, worked hard and developed their potential quickly.
Statistics from the Second Sampling Survey on Chinese Women's
Social Status indicates that in 2000, 43.3 percent of urban
women obtained employment through the arrangements of local
labour and personnel departments, 15.1 percent less than in
1990. 14.3 percent of urban women secured employment through
job application and interview, three percent higher than the
figure for men. Some 21.4 percent of urban women started their
own business, 17.1 percent higher than in 1990, and very close
to the 21.7 percent of men. The number of women engaged in
the non-State owned economy has also been growing fast. Since
1995, the number of women involved in private economy has
risen by 60 percent, reaching nearly 10 million.
During the past 20 years, the employment rate of Chinese
women has remained at a comparatively high
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